Selleo Labs spółka z o.o.

I possess seven years of experience in developing groundbreaking solutions for clients. My programming skills continue to improve as I develop my passion for emerging technologies. I am familiar with working within a cloud environment and have the ability to translate technical requirements into elegant code solutions. My main focus is Nodejs and Emberjs. My experience as a Team Leader allowed me to lead and manage a team that worked closely with Product Owners on several international projects.

Robert Harężlak

I am an agile Team Leader, Project Manager, and testing advocate supporting other developers. Having optimization and scalability in mind, I have led software teams for over 11 years in the end-to-end project development lifecycle, e.g., architecture design, code, and documentation review. I specialize in creating eHealthcare solutions that meet HIPPA requirements. 

Szymon Kieloch

Tomasz is a Tech Expert with an enormous experience in both back-end and front-end solutions. He ensures that quality processes and automations are carried out through the whole software development cycle.

Tomasz Bąk

\[TOC\]

JavaScript has long reigned as the go-to language for [web development](https://selleo.com/blog/web-development-trends-to-look-for-in-2022), enabling dynamic and interactive user experiences. However, as web projects grow in complexity, so do the challenges in maintaining code quality and scalability. While JavaScript was not originally designed to manage large-scale, complex systems, there is a robust solution for tackling this issue: TypeScript.

TypeScript serves as a superset of JavaScript, offering optional static type-checking along with the latest ECMAScript features. By incorporating types into your JavaScript code, TypeScript allows you to catch errors more effectively and write more maintainable and robust code, perfect for large-scale projects.

We'll show you a solution for it - TypeScript – and get you started on the road to integrating types into your JavaScript code in this post.

***What you will learn from this article:***

* What is TypeScript and how does it differ from JavaScript?
* Can TypeScript be used both on the frontend and the backend? If so, how?
* What are the various types supported by TypeScript that are not available in JavaScript?
* How does TypeScript improve code readability and maintenance?
* Is TypeScript suitable for small projects or is it more geared towards larger, more complex codebases?
* How does TypeScript enhance the developer experience in IDEs?
* How Typescript improves project quality?

Let's get started!

## What is Typescript?

Microsoft produced the Typescript **open-source programming language**. It's a Javascript superset (typescript extends javascript) with the addition of static typing. It's worth noting that eventually, Typescript compiles to Javascript, allowing the finished code to execute in any JS-compatible system. It can be client-side (via a web browser) or server-side (through a web server) (Node.js).

TypeScript is used the most by Angular developers, but other frameworks also have great support for it. It is already used by 60% of JS programmers, and [22% want to test it.](https://2019.stateofjs.com/javascript-flavors/typescript/)

### Frontend or backend – where is TypeScript used?

JavaScript is generated from TypeScript. As a result, TS can be used everywhere JS can be used, including the frontend and backend.

## Types of TypeScript

![Types of TypeScript - strongly typed programming language](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x434/490d9bead3/types-of-typescript.jpg)

JavaScript does not allow **static typing**, but TypeScript does. You can make your composite types using static type systems. Typescript developers can now communicate their goals in more depth.

In addition to that, we'd like to highlight the expressiveness of TS using the following types:

### Any & Unknown

Whereas any as a type can encompass anything unknown is its type-safe equivalent.

While any may be used to represent anything, the unknown is its type-safe equivalent.

Any includes assigning any **JavaScript variable** to it whenever you wish to avoid the type system. It's widely used to describe incoming variables that haven't been validated yet and whose type is unknown (for example, from third-party APIs).

The unknown is like any other variable, except it won't allow you to do anything with it unless it's expressly type-checked.

### Void

Void is used when there is **no value returned**, for example, as the return type of functions that return nothing.

### Never

Never is the return type for something that should *never occur*, like a function that will throw an exception.

### Intersection & Union Types

Intersection types allow you to combine many basic types into a single type. For instance, a customized type of person with a name: string and a phone number may be created. It's the same as stating, "I'd like my type to be this and that."

Thanks to union types, your type can accept one of the many basic types. You may, for instance, have a search that yields either a string or an undefined response. It's the same as stating, *"I'd like my type to be this or that."*

![Typescript - strongly typed programming language vs javascript - loosely typed language](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x383/bcdc367a10/typescript-vs-javascript.jpg)

## TypeScript vs. JavaScript

Why was TypeScript created while JavaScript already exists? JavaScript has become more sophisticated as time went on, and it was never able to fulfill its **maximum potential** as a server-side technology in the industry. Essentially, every JavaScript code is also valid in TypeScript, and TypeScript is just JavaScript with more capabilities.

### What are the advantages of TypeScript?

Let's look at the TypeScript capabilities that closed in the blanks and solved several developers' challenges with JavaScript.

#### Optional Static Typing

Because JavaScript is a **dynamically typed language**, type discrepancies will not be treated as failures until execution. This frequently resulted in a slew of bugs and annoyance. TypeScript, on the other hand, includes the possibility of static typing. A variable's type does not change after specified static typing, and it can only accept particular values. Any type-related problems (syntax or semantic) are sent to developers, resulting in early bug identification.

#### Early Bug Detection

Let's go through why this is a significant benefit. The compiler identifies alerts and faults in our code during development, reducing the likelihood of defects and potential errors at execution. Overall, this functionality helps developers avoid making mistakes in JavaScript that they would otherwise have to sort through manually.

#### Improved Readability

TypeScript's static reading and interfaces improve **code efficiency**. In TypeScript, an interface can be used to both describe and execute a type (string, boolean, number...), leading to a much more descriptive codebase. Variable declarations with defined types and explicit categories increase clarity and code stability.

#### Code Optimization

TypeScript also can speed up development with the following features:

* **Type Annotation —** automatically checks the value for each static type
* **Generics —** lets you write a generalized form of method
* **API Documentation —** VS code navigation allows developers to see parameter types automatically and track variables.
* **Intellisense —** Microsoft developed an instrument for code navigation that offers auto code completion. You can see the properties and parameters by hovering over a method's name.

Although the execution is far from perfect, it is still a valid advantage.

<Baner name={software-development} />

### Disadvantages of TypeScript

Of course, nothing in the world is flawless, whether real or digital. This rule applies to TypeScript, and it has a few drawbacks.

#### The overly complicated typing system

First and foremost, whereas the typing system is a fantastic tool in many ways, it may be a bit difficult to master at times. This isn't a TypeScript drawback but rather a drawback that derives from its compatibility with JavaScript, which adds to the complexity.

#### Required compilation

Another criticism against TypeScript is that, unlike JavaScript, it **requires compilation**. However, let's face it: most JavaScript apps nowadays require a build phase. Gulp, Grunt, Webpack, Rollup, Babel, or Closure all require a build step, and nothing stops you from extending it.

#### False sense of security

The major downside of TypeScript, in my perspective, is that it might give you a false sense of safety. Yes, the language's ability to verify types and tell us when something is incorrect with our code is a major benefit. However, depending on this too strongly carries a huge risk: some developers mistakenly believe that everything written in TypeScript is bulletproof. It's not the case.

<ReadMore> Read also: [All You Need To Know About Real-Time Features In Applications](https://selleo.com/blog/real-time-features-in-applications) </ReadMore>

### What are the key differences between JS and TS?

The key differences between TS and JS are as follows:

#### JavaScript

* Designed by Brendan Eich (Netscape) and released in **1995**
* A **lightweight** scripting language that helps create dynamic web page content and is supported by all browsers
* Dynamic typing — weakly typed (no option for static typing)
* Best suited for **small projects**
* Can be directly used in browsers
* JS libraries work by default

#### TypeScript

* Designed by Microsoft and released in **2012**
* **Superset** of JavaScript developed to overcome code complexity for large projects (OOP language)
* Strongly typed — supports both static and dynamic typing
* Best suited for **large web apps**
* Converted into JavaScript code to be understandable for browsers ([Transpiler](https://scotch.io/tutorials/javascript-transpilers-what-they-are-why-we-need-them))
* Since it’s a superset, all the JavaScript libraries and other JavaScript code work without any changes

<Baner name={frontend-developers} />

### Why TS will not replace JS

Shouldn't we just chuck JavaScript and adopt TypeScript for our applications now that we have these additional great features? No, in a nutshell. TypeScript isn't a substitute for JavaScript, and it's not appropriate for many tasks. JavaScript still dominates client-side scripting languages. It's easier to execute, refresh, and debug tiny code sections since JavaScript is executed directly in the browser. When flexibility is a top requirement,

JavaScript is an **excellent choice** since it allows you to design functionality without adhering to rigid constraints. TypeScript, on the other hand, is your best pick if you're working with a big codebase that you want to bring to a single standard while prioritizing performance. As your code expands and gets more complicated to manage, the likelihood of mistakes increases; therefore, it's best to catch them around compile time.

![Why use typescript - Typescript code, typescript compiler, object oriented programming concepts](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x383/a088eb450f/why-use-typescript.jpg)

## Why use TypeScript over JavaScript

Here’re the main reasons why you would want to use TypeScript over JavaScript.

### TypeScript may save your project from Failure

Programming errors are inevitable. It's often just a typo, and other times it's hurrying to meet a deadline. Assume you're developing a large financial system for your organization that handles employee pay automatically. Isn't it true that such a system should be trustworthy first and probably most important? With TypeScript you can be sure you won’t pass the wrong type of argument to the function since it prevents such errors at the early stage.

### Typescript Documents itself

The code in Typescript is **self-explanatory.** In many circumstances, type definitions put straight in project or library files might take the place of documentation. Consider the following scenario. Let's pretend we have a render item method that takes items as input.

If you want to know what “items” actually are in JavaScript, you have a few options:

* go through the documentation (if one exists),
* Add console.log(items) to this function's declaration, launch the program, and look at the "items" parameter in the console.
* Try to figure out where the function is utilized and then determine what data is sent via it.
* Check with your coworkers to see whether anyone has recently worked on it.
* Assume that the item's argument is exactly what you believe it is (albeit this isn't the ideal approach).

### Typescript gives you great IDE support

Most developers' time is spent on IDEs (integrated development environments, such as WebStorm) or lighter code editors like VSCode. Of course, all code could be typed in a basic notepad, but it would be inconvenient and time-consuming. Developers use iDEs to make our life easier, and our job goes faster.

* **Mouse hover support** – Simply place your mouse over the area of the code you're interested in to discover what's hidden beneath it.
* **Code auto-completion** – Code auto-completion in IDEs for static type languages is quicker and more reliable. Because of the code clues, you don't need to dive through the documentation.
* **Real-time type checking** – Once you have an object in JavaScript, you can retrieve all of its properties, even though the object doesn't exist (in which case it will be "undefined"). As you can expect, this can lead to difficult-to-trace problems. Your IDE warns you in real-time if you try to access something that doesn't exist in Typescript.
* **Easier code refactor** – In Typescript, refactoring code in the IDE is considerably easier - it works very well than vanilla Javascript. A "wrongly" named variable in JS sometimes can cause your refactoring to fail.

<ReadMore> Read also: [Why ReactJS Is A Perfect Fit For SaaS Solutions?](https://selleo.com/blog/why-reactjs-is-a-perfect-fit-for-saas-solutions) </ReadMore>

### Typescript has type inference

Suppose you prefer Javascript over statically typed languages. In that case, you may argue that Typescript requires substantially more code since you must declare all types for all variables, function arguments, and function return types, among other things. But then there's the type inference feature, which is quite useful. Typescript can "estimate" a variable's type tied to the value supplied to it or the function result based on its body.

### Typescript allows you to forget about console.log

Because most of the issues you experience in the IDE or during compilation time, Typescript developed programs are much **easier to troubleshoot.** Switching to TS might result in less time spent in the browser console.

### Typescript works great with Node backend

It's typical to begin creating the front-end while the back-end is still being developed. The front-end developer then meets with the backend developers to discuss how the API response would appear for certain endpoints. When a back-end employs vanilla Javascript or another language, documentation for the API must be created and kept up-to-date as things change.

### Typescript improves project quality

![Typescript improves project quality and works great with Node backend](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x383/3ce4470201/typescript-improves-project-quality.jpg)

Different software projects need the participation of several programmers. All of the factors above contribute to better and simpler project maintenance. When a project's scope expands, and the team grows, developers will appreciate all TypeScript flavors.

### The most popular frontend libraries support typescript

If all of the above arguments failed to persuade you to use TypeScript to create the frontend in 2023, I could only point you to the market's "major players." All prominent front-end libraries, such as [React](https://selleo.com/react-development-company), Vue, and Angular, are built-in Typescript and provide Typescript **support by default**.

## Summary

As you've seen, TypeScript has both advantages and disadvantages. The downsides of TS are negligible, and the numerous benefits it provides are well worth it. This is why, at Selleo, we utilize TypeScript for most of our software projects.

If you are on the hunt for a reputed, trusted and expert third party program development firm that can build your software on TypeScript, [contact us at Selleo](https://selleo.com/contact).

Typescript is a Javascript superset with the addition of static typing. In this post, you will find out how to get started and why you should consider using TS.

What Is TypeScript And Why Should You Use It?

\[TOC\]

Technology aims to bring simplicity and feasibility among the processes, such as JavaScript becoming a widely used programming language because it is simple and provides the ability to develop a whole software solution using only one technology.

Initially used in front-end engineering, JavaScript can now be integrated into the server side, which has increased its popularity even more. Full Stack development allows web or mobile apps to be created from start to end, encompassing both the project's front-end and back-end with a single technological stack.

Since now **JavaScript** can be used in both the front-end and the back-end, would you consider using it for an entire business project? Would you hire a Full Stack JavaScript developer to work on your web project? Is it a good idea to use Full Stack JavaScript Development? Let’s find out!

## Why Full Stack JavaScript is the Talk of the Town?

Since web server technologies have evolved dramatically: we've seen a slew of new languages and technologies emerge, including **PHP, ASP, JSP,.NET, Ruby, and Python**, to mention a few. Developers realized that employing two separate languages for client and server-side made things more complicated. And, that is why Full Stack is the priority choice for many development companies worldwide.

## What is Front-end Development?

The part of web development that focuses on users' views on their end is known as front-end development. It entails converting back-end developers' code into a graphical interface and ensuring that data is displayed in an easy-to-read and comprehend style.

Everything you see on Google Apps, Canva, Facebook, and other online services results from the collaboration between back-end and front-end engineers.

<Baner name={software-development} />

## What is back-end development?

Back-end development languages handle web applications' 'behind-the-scenes' functionality. It's the code that links the web to a database, keeps track of user connections, and runs the web application. To deliver the final result to the end-user, back-end development works in collaboration with front-end development.

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x330/73b8fc4a55/back-end.jpg)

Let’s get started with a detailed introduction of Full Stack JavaScript.

## An Introduction To Full Stack JavaScript - Definition

The concept behind "Full Stack JavaScript" is that all software in a web application should be written entirely in JavaScript, both client and server-side.

**Client Software (Front-End)**

* [HTML](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_html.asp)
* [CSS](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_css.asp)
* [Bootstrap](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_bootstrap.asp)
* [W3.CSS](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_w3css.asp)
* [JavaScript](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_js.asp)
* [ES5](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_es5.asp)
* [HTML DOM](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_htmldom.asp)
* [JSON](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_json.asp)
* [XML](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_xml.asp)
* [jQuery](https://www.w3schools.com/jquery/default.asp)
* [Angular](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_angularjs.asp)
* [React](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_react.asp)
* [Nextjs](https://nextjs.org/)
* [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.com/)
* [Backbone.js](https://backbonejs.org/)
* [Ember.js](https://emberjs.com/)
* [Redux](https://redux.js.org/)
* [Storybook](https://storybook.js.org/basics/quick-start-guide/)
* [GraphQL](https://graphql.org/)
* [Meteor.js](https://www.meteor.com/)
* [Grunt](https://gruntjs.com/)
* [Gulp](https://gulpjs.com/)
* [Sass](https://sass-lang.com/)
* [Less](https://lesscss.org/)

**Server Software (Back-End)**

* [Node.js](https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/default.asp)
* [Express.js](https://expressjs.com/)
* [Koa.js](https://koajs.com/)
* [Sails](https://sailsjs.com/)
* [Fastify](https://www.fastify.io/)
* [NestJS](https://nestjs.com/)
* [Deno](https://deno.land/)
* [REST](https://restfulapi.net/)
* [SQL](https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_sql.asp)
* [MongoDB](https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_mongodb.asp)
* [AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/?nc2=h_lg)
* [Heroku](https://www.heroku.com/)
* [Google Cloud Platform](https://cloud.google.com/)
* [Firebase.com](https://firebase.google.com/)
* [Parse](https://parseplatform.org/)
* PaaS - [Azure](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/) and Heroku

## Full Stack Developer Role and Skills

A [Full Stack Developer](https://selleo.com/react-native-expert-developers-team) is a software professional who can work on both the **front-end (client-side)** and the **back-end (server-side).** Full Stack Developers understand each layer of the technology stack that goes into creating a software product. They know the operations of each layer and, more significantly, can modify all back-end components.

In addition to mastering HTML and CSS, he/she also knows how to:

* Program a browser (like using JavaScript, jQuery, Angular, or Vue)
* Program a server (like using Node.js)
* Program a database (like using MongoDB)

### What are the Crucial Full Stack Developer Skills?

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x660/36ae361a6b/developer-skills.jpg)

A Full Stack developer must have the following skills.

#### HTML/CSS

Full Stack Developers must work with HTML to use markup to determine the structure of web pages. For efficient display of HTML components, they must also be CSS experts. For designing an interactive, intuitive, and engaging front-end for apps. Full Stack Developers must have strong experience in both of these programming languages.

#### JavaScript

Full Stack Developers must be well-versed in JavaScript and related ideas and functionalities such as React and Angular. One of the greatest things about JavaScript is that it comes with a slew of useful features like functions, prototypes, higher-order event delegation, and closure, all of which aid in developing flexible web pages.

#### Git and GitHub

They must be familiar with all of the fundamental Git commands and examples. Full Stack Developers familiar with Git can better interact and communicate with their fellow developers/programmers on the same project.

#### Node.js

Full Stack Developers must understand the intricacies of web architecture. They must know how to organize code, organize files, arrange data in databases, and execute the necessary computational activities because their major role is to develop complex software applications from scratch.

#### HTTP and REST

Since HTTP and REST are necessary for Full Stack development, he/she must master both.

#### Basic Design Skills

Thus, [Full Stack Developers](https://www.upgrad.com/blog/full-stack-developers-future-scope/) must know the basic design principles, including UI & UX design, prototypes, scalability, etc.

#### Soft Skills

Every Full Stack Developer must have the following soft skills:

* An analytical bent of mind
* Good time management skills
* Curiosity for learning
* Attention to detail
* Creative vision
* Patience

## Advantages & Disadvantages of Full Stack JavaScript

Like every other technology, Full Stack JavaScript offers both advantages and disadvantages. Let’s see if the proportion of the benefits is higher than the drawbacks of using the technology.

### Advantages

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x558/cc575184b7/advantages.jpg)

Here’re the advantages of using Full Stack JavaScript.

#### More Efficiency, More Productivity

Full Stack JavaScript Developers may work on a web project solely in that programming language, making it easy for everyone in the team to follow along. In other words, because the front-end and back-end developers all use the same language, they are constantly up to date on the project's status.

#### Higher Performance

Full Stack JavaScript developers can use Node.js to build completely asynchronous apps and take advantage of non-blocking programming. As a result, the programs can execute numerous processes independently at the same time. As a result, web apps created purely in JavaScript run better, giving users a better experience and higher-quality products.

#### More Code Reuse

You can reuse parts of code that follow similar logic and implementation since both the back-end and front-end utilize JavaScript. This can cut down on the amount of code Full Stack JavaScript developers have to write and the total number of lines of code for the project.

#### Access To Open Source Tools

Virtually the whole MEAN stack is open source, which means you'll receive free access to well-tested tools. Because they are open source, they are updated regularly by their respective communities, which provides a lot of value to their users.

#### More Talent Available

There are many individuals (experienced developers) out there that know and use this programming language regularly, providing you with a large pool from which to recruit new talent for your Full Stack projects.

#### Improved Teamwork

Any industry benefits from collaborative efforts. This is especially true in the case of software development. The likelihood of misunderstandings between coworkers is lowered when developers are proficient in both back-end and front-end development.

#### Time and Money Saving

All of the benefits listed above are related to saving time and money. It is widely assumed that a high-quality product cannot be economical. You don't have to worry about hiring a front-end specialist and a back-end specialist separately when working with Full Stack programmers. All of these concerns may be addressed by a single Full Stack JavaScript developer.

#### Choice of the Giant Corporations

Google, Facebook, and Netflix are among the companies that use JavaScript programming. Isn't it implausible that they'd instead employ inferior technology in their projects?

<ReadMore> Read also: [Outsourcing ReactJS Development Services | Learn How To Do It Right](https://selleo.com/blog/outsourcing-reactjs-development-services) </ReadMore>

### Disadvantages

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x436/4f7150a8cb/disadvantages.jpg)

The list of advantages is lengthier than that of the disadvantages, but let’s look at all the disadvantages of using Full Stack JavaScript.

#### Not Suitable for Heavy Computing

At the same time, this is not the technology to use for high-performance computing. Due to the computational process, incoming requests may be stopped, making it difficult for the program to execute properly. If you are not planning to design such solutions, though, you can safely overlook this flaw.

#### All-in-One Drawbacks

Full Stack JavaScript development brings together many technologies at once, along with all of its drawbacks. Of course, as technology advances, all of these difficulties will be remedied.

#### Small-Sized Database

So far, Full Stack development, like its database, has been a relatively new technology. The situation is changing as a result of its adoption by major corporations.

#### Limited Capabilities on Server-Side

After focusing solely on the front-end, JavaScript offered server-side features, as indicated in the introduction. Any experienced back-end engineer can see the constraints that this lack of maturity brings to the task, especially when compared to more established options like PHP or Java.

#### "True" Full Stack Developers Scarcity

It isn't easy to find engineers capable of delivering on both ends, which is why some people compare full-stack JavaScript developers to unicorns.

<Baner name={frontend-developers} />

## What is Full Stack JavaScript Development Suitable for?

As a rule of thumb, Full Stack JavaScript development is suited for projects like:

* P2P apps and services
* IoT products
* eCommerce platforms
* Fintech applications
* Web-based enterprise applications

## What Is A Stack?

A "[Stack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type))" is a set of programming languages, technologies, or software products. The technology stack and the application stack are the two types of development stacks.

1. MERN/PERN
2. MEAN Stack

### What is the MERN Stack?

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x341/e6a236f28a/mern.jpg)

A stack is the set of technologies that go into making a web application. Any web application will be built with various technologies (frameworks, libraries, databases, etc.).

The MERN stack is a JavaScript stack created to make the development process go more smoothly. MongoDB, Express, React, and Node.js are the four open-source components that make up MERN. These components give developers an end-to-end framework with which to operate.

#### The Benefits of the MERN Stack

* both front-end and back-end written in JavaScript
* supports MVC architecture for a smooth development
* developers can use the MERN stack to create very efficient web apps.

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x319/b782667904/mern-stack-pros_cons.jpg)

#### Disadvantages of Mern Stack

* React is heavily reliant on third-party modules such as Redux, Babel, and others. As a result, it may be both advantageous and disadvantageous.
* On the one hand, it may be developed by various developers; nevertheless, if these modules are not properly maintained, they may cause problems in the future. On the other hand, the community is actively involved in adding to, maintaining, and upgrading these modules.

### What is MEAN Stack?

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x339/55f1ffca06/mean.jpg)

The MEAN stack is a JavaScript-based software stack (i.e., a collection of technological layers that make up a contemporary application). MEAN heralds the advent of JavaScript as a "full-stack development" language capable of handling everything from the front-end to the back-end of an application.

#### Advantages of MEAN

These four elements functioning together aren't the answer to every problem, but they've indeed found a place in modern development[. IBM explores the areas where the MEAN stack is appropriate](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/mean-stack-explained). The MEAN stack is an excellent solution for cloud-native apps since it is scalable and can manage many users at once. Single-page applications benefit significantly from the Angular front-end. Here are several examples:

* Expense-tracking apps
* News aggregation sites
* Mapping and location apps

MEAN also provides benefits like:

* resists redundant grunt work to keep development organized
* has a built-in extensive tool testing suite
* an open-source framework with an excellent community support

#### Angular vs. React – Which one is Best?

AngularJS is a framework for building dynamic online projects, whereas React is a javascript library for creating user interface components. MVC (Model View Controller) is the foundation of AngularJS, whereas Virtual DOM is the foundation of React. React is based on Javascript, while Angular is based on Typescript.

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x325/a28393ac17/mean-stack-pros_cons.jpg)

#### Disadvantages of Mean Stack

* Not recommended for large-scale applications.
* No specific general JS coding guidelines.
* Once you have developed the first site using Mean stack technology, it's tough to go back to the old approach.
* It offers poor isolation of the server from business logic.
* You could lose records gradually.

<ReadMore> Read also: [Outsourcing RoR | How To Choose A Ruby On Rails Development Company?](https://selleo.com/blog/how-to-choose-a-ruby-on-rails-development-company) </ReadMore>

## Implementing Full Stack Development - What to Consider

Application-level and middleware programming: Integrating all needed pieces, such as the cloud, the gateway, and all distributed aspects, is necessary. This will aid in the standardization and facilitation of data and information sharing across various devices.

### Cloud Development and Operations

IoT applications often require cloud infrastructures such as Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, and others for development and operations. To make applications more resilient in the face of outages, an understanding of cloud development and application is essential.

### Integration with other Systems

To benefit from the contextual value supplied by the IoT system, OT systems must connect and interact with business applications. To improve the entire digital experience, IoT applications may need to interface with other devices or services.

### Relational and Non-Relational Databases

Several linked devices in an IoT system communicate data with one another. To do data visualization and analysis, all of this information must be acquired. Knowledge of several database types aids in the ingestion and analysis of device data.

### Security

To avoid any harm, security awareness is necessary, as each layer has its own set of vulnerabilities. Device authentication and authorization are also critical for IT system security.

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x330/1d122db466/security.jpg)

### User Interface and User Experience

Understanding what the consumer will see and feel through your application or website requires both UI and UX knowledge. Implementing a web portal for remote monitoring of millions of devices from a single console, for example, is beneficial to the team that monitors and oversees the operation of such devices in any home automation system.

### Business and Customer Requirements

Having a rudimentary concept of what consumers expect from a product will guarantee that the project does not become derailed due to a lack of requirements understanding. This expertise may assist produce a viable and successful product or system at each stage of the delivery process - scoping, designing, constructing, and testing.

## Conclusion

Is **JavaScript Full Stack** the right technology for you? Is it what you need to boost your revenue, meet your user requirements and make your business process flow smoothly? The answer to all these questions lies among the experts.

If you are one with ideas to shift your business on JavaScript Full Stack or want to develop a new web or app using the same technology then talk to us. We have a team of highly professional-experienced **[Full Stack developers](https://selleo.com/custom-software-development-company)** who can help in faster time-to-market, reduction in startup cost, easy scalability and flexibility with solutions that will speak of their own success. So, don’t wait, [contact us](https://selleo.com/contact) now!

Would you hire a Full Stack JavaScript developer to work on your web project? Is it a good Idea to use Full Stack JavaScript Development? Let’s find out!

Should You Use Full Stack JavaScript Development?

In the world of web applications, there is one battle-tested framework called **Spring**. But this world is also known for rapidly growing and developing where new solutions frequently appear. One of those is **NestJS** - a framework similar to Spring, which can help you achieve comparable results.

However, if you were to choose between NestJS or Spring as the Java framework to power your business for the upcoming years, which one would you choose? I bet this is one hard question to answer. That is why this article aims to help you understand the differences between those solutions, so you will be able to pick the one best suitable for your needs. We are going to talk about the main features of the frameworks, present their pros and cons together with the successful companies that are using each of them.

## What is NestJS?

Since NestJS is a progressive **Node.js framework**, it is crucial to understand what Node.js is. In short, Node.js has been created as a combination of **Google’s V8 JavaScript engine**, an event loop and a low-level I/O API. Node.js platform is a server-side runtime environment based on JavaScript, which means that developers are able to use the same solution for both the front-end and the back-end of applications they create. Node.js is known for being highly scalable, fast and of high performance. It is ideal for asynchronous programming and gives you the ability to execute multiple actions at the same time.

As mentioned above, NestJS is a Node.js framework for creating scalable and efficient server-side applications. It makes use of progressive JavaScript and was built using TypeScript. NestJS combines elements of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), Functional Programming (FP) and Functional Reactive Programming (FRP). Under the hood, it uses Express while providing compatibility with a wide range of other libraries like Fastify.

NestJS provides an out-of-the-box application architecture that allows creating highly scalable, testable and loosely coupled applications.

<Baner name={nest-js} />

The main features of NestJS are:

* **extensible** \- gives developers a great deal of flexibility by allowing using any other libraries thanks to modular architecture,
* **progressive** \- uses the latest JavaScript features, bringing mature solutions and design patterns to the Node.js world,
* **versatile** \- a fully-fledged backbone ecosystem for all types of server-side applications.

When compared with the Spring framework on [stackshare.io](https://www.stackshare.io/stackups/nestjs-vs-spring-framework), NestJS gained over 2 times more followers. To find out more details about this framework, go to the post [Why Choose NestJS As Your Backend Framework](https://selleo.com/blog/why-choose-nest-js-as-your-backend-framework).

## What is Spring Framework?

Java is a programming language and computing platform. It is known for being reliable, fast and secure. It is general-purpose, class-based and object-oriented designed for having fewer implementation dependencies. **Java** is known for being one of the easy-to-use programming languages to learn and the code written in it once can be run on almost any computing platform. Moreover, it is platform-independent and was designed as a multithreaded language with automatic memory management.

Spring is one of the most popular **application development frameworks for Java**. It is used by millions of developers around the world to build high performing, easily testable and reusable code. Spring can be used in developing any Java application, however, there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform.

Spring allows quick startup of production-grade, stand-alone applications. It is very easy to run and minimizes the number of issues surrounding getting applications up and running. It is heavily focused on dependencies and relies on annotations or XML. It simplifies configuration and is multi-threaded, which is super useful in long or repetitive operations.

The main features of Spring are:

* **transaction management** \- Spring provides a consistent transaction management interface that can scale down to a local transaction and scale up to global transactions,
* **lightweight** \- when compared to EJB containers. It is beneficial for developing and deploying applications on devices with limited memory and CPU resources,
* **dependency injection** \- this means you can develop loosely coupled applications, therefore making them easier to test.

When searching for information about Spring framework, we can also come across Spring Boot. It is an extension of the Spring framework eliminating boilerplate configurations required for setting up a Spring application. Spring Boot takes an opinionated view of the Spring platform providing a faster and more efficient development ecosystem.

<ReadMore> Read also: [Why Choose NestJS As Your Backend Framework?](https://selleo.com/blog/why-choose-nest-js-as-your-backend-framework) </ReadMore>

## NestJS vs Spring Framework - the comparison

Now that we have discussed the core features of both frameworks, it is time to share the pros and cons of using them.

### NestJS

In many articles, NestJS is recognized as being a versatile and progressive framework heavily influenced by **React, Vue and Angular**. It leverages TypeScript and is easy to use. Additionally, NestJS makes use of the Powerful Command Line Interface to boost productivity. Many developers also appreciate the dependency injection that comes with the framework. We can also talk about advantages like:

#### Pros

* rapidly growing JavaScript community
* constantly growing nmp
* lightweight, fast
* perfect for I/O tasks
* single-threaded with low memory utilization

However, like in the case of any framework, tool or programming language, there are some drawbacks to using NestJS, which are as follow:

#### Cons

* lack of support for multi-threading
* not ideal for heavy computing, which can cause performance bottlenecks
* lack of strict type checking leading to runtime problems

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x442/b9b421160f/nest-pros-cons.jpeg)

### Spring

Spring is typically used to ease the development and testing of Java-based applications. It reduces development time and increases team productivity. Thanks to Spring Boot, it is easy to avoid lots of boilerplate code, annotations and XML configuration. What is more, the framework provides **embedded HTTP** servers like Tomcat or Jetty. Apart from that, there are also:

#### Pros

* lots of plugins
* easy to use dependencies
* statically-typed Java
* multi-threading support
* maintainable

Spring Boot too has its limitations. Apart from the slightly time-consuming process of converting existing or legacy Spring projects into Spring Boot apps, we can also notice:

#### Cons

* high memory utilization
* it may include unused dependencies
* lots of boilerplate code, which makes debugging tough

![Img](https://a.storyblok.com/f/86602/720x442/a8d686edf7/spring-pros-cons.jpeg)

## Why does it matter? Companies using NestJS and Spring Framework

If you are now wondering why you should care about any of those frameworks, you should get to know the companies that are successfully using them.

<Baner name={software-development} />

### NestJS companies

#### Adidas

A multinational corporation that designs and manufactures shoes, clothing and accessories.

#### Capgemini

A corporation providing consulting, technology, professional and outsourcing services in over 50 countries.

#### Decathlon

The largest sporting goods retailer with over 1600 stores in 57 countries and regions.

#### Autodesk

Software corporation making software products and services for architecture, engineering, construction, manufacturing, education, media and entertainment industries.

#### SocieteGenerale

The 3rd largest bank by total assets investment bank and financial services.

#### Neo4j

A graph database management system developed by Neo4j, Inc.

### Spring Framework companies

#### Intuit

An American business specializing in financial software with products like tax preparation, personal finance app or accounting program.

#### Zalando

A European eCommerce company offering fashion and lifestyle products in 17 European markets.

#### Accenture

A multinational company selling consulting and processing services. Accenture’s clients include 91 of the Fortune Global 100.

#### Zillow

An American online real estate marketplace company created by former Microsoft executives and founder of Microsoft spin-off Expedia.

#### Indeed

A worldwide employment website for job listings. It is an example of both a single-topic search engine and an example of vertical search.

#### Picnic Engineering

The world’s fastest-growing online supermarket with a unique business model and a highly engaged customer base.

There are also quite a few well-known enterprises making use of Spring Boot. They are:

* **Google** \- a technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products including cloud computing, software and hardware.
* **Microsoft** \-  a technology company developing, manufacturing, licensing, supporting and selling computer software, personal computers and related services.
* **Capital One** \- an American bank holding company specialized in card credits, auto loans, savings accounts and banking.
* **Amazon** \- a technology company focused on eCommerce, cloud computing, AI and digital streaming.

## Conclusions

This is the time to come back to the question from the very beginning of this article: **NestJS or Spring Framework** - which is better for your business? The answer is probably as you expected, not straightforward since it all depends on the product you wish to build. If you are looking to create an application for **FinTech or a booking system** (depending on a lot of I/O) NestJS would be better. However, if you are creating an app that needs to perform a great deal of computing - Spring Framework is the one.

Are you looking for a team of experienced developers to handle your project from start to finish? You are in the right place! Our **fully-fledged engineering teams** are specialized in many frameworks and will definitely help you choose the most appropriate one. Feel free to [contact us](https://selleo.com/contact) to schedule a call and get an estimation.

If you were to choose between NestJS or Spring as the Java framework to power your business for the upcoming years, which one would you choose? I bet this is one hard question to answer.

NestJS vs. Spring Framework In Java - Which Should I Choose? 

The most popular approach to testing [React](https://selleo.com/react-expert-developers-team) components is to use either Mocha+Chai+Enzyme or Jest+Enzyme. In this article, we will describe our React components testing practices with Jest+Enzyme which are also applicable to Mocha+Chai.

If you are new to testing React components you should read also:

* create-react-app README section on “Writing tests”
* Jest — Getting Started
* Enzyme API documentation

## Tests organization

In larger JavaScript projects we put tests close to implementation in **tests** subfolder. Usually, tests for a component are grouped by structure and behaviour is added on top of it, like: https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:2000/1*YQHTi9Tuf-Dbuvp8Ij5KXw.png

## Minimal component test confirms component rendered

Minimal component tests verify that the component renders properly aka smoke testing or “Build Verification Testing”. It can be done with Enzyme:

<Gist id="fa7b3c5b9a2f904d03517c0e29be7f5e" />

or Jest snapshot:

<Gist id="79bd62e95322cbf8bf07ad39656469f4" />

The later generates **snapshots**/MainSection.spec.js.snap file.

Changes in snapshots are confirmed locally via ‘u’ in the jest cli and committed to the git repository, so PR reviewer can see them. You can read more on Snapshot Testing

At the moment we limit usage of snapshots to component rendering and complex json (i.e. chart configurations).

Read more https://medium.com/selleo/testing-react-components-best-practices-2f77ac302d12

The most popular approach to testing React components is to use either Mocha+Chai+Enzyme or Jest+Enzyme. In this article, we will describe our React components testing practices with Jest+Enzyme which are also applicable to Mocha+Chai.

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